Dymond of Hudson River Study Result Q-M3 Lineage

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D*mond in Colonial
North America

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Q-M3 Amerindian Dymond, Diamond, Dimond Lineage

updated: 4 February 2012
update history at end of page

Note to Participants
2.02.12

Results pending: Testing lineage for M3 subclades L341.2

Please update your personal pages at FTDNA. There has been a major format change.

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6. If you have any questions don't hesitate to contact us. There have been significant changes in the past couple of years.
7. Please note that results for the multi copy marker 464 are accurate on this page. The are not on the FTDNA project site. We retest every participant using a method that provides a more accurate measurement of this marker. See explanation text below.
8. 37 markers are the minimum. Any participant that wishes to test to 67 or 111 markers we welcome and encourage it.

A fifth panel of STR markers were added 04.04.2011 extending coverage to 111 markers. Three representative branches have been tested. All lines should test at a minimum of 37 markers.

Results pending: yes

All lines should be tested to a minimum of 37 markers.

The introduction of Y chromosome DNA technology as a tool in 2002 led to the yDNA study of the D*mon(d) surname in Colonial America. That goal was met in 2007. That same year Y chromosome testing of men believed to descend from Edward Dimond of Beekman Patent thru sons Johannes 1723, Marcus 1726, and Jabok [Jacob] reveled two distinct biologic y lines. The identified lineages are Q-M3 or I-M253 rooted. Up until this time it was believed that the Q-M3 lineage represented the paternal line descendants of Edward Dimond.
This conflict has not been resolved by either traditional research or genetic testing. It remains solvable by either means.
It seems likely the two lineages were associated. Perhaps the Amerind rooted line adopted the surname from the Colonialist D*mond family. There are a number of possible plausible scenarios.
In 2010 a genetic link between the New York branch of the I-M253 lineage and the Diamond/Dimond families of Newfoundland was found lending support to the idea that the I-M253 lineage may be that of the mariner-fishing family of Marblehead, Massachusetts and or that of the mariner-fishing-boat building-rope making Diamond family of Kittery. This may lend support to the idea that the Edward Dimond family of Beekman Patent was indeed linked to the Edward Dimond family of Marblehead Massachusetts Colony.

Surname variants: Diamond; Dymond; Dimond; Dymen; Dymand [more than a dozen variants have been found recorded]

Genetic Root Ancestry before the Age of Surnames and European Contact:
Pre Columbian American Indian
Y Chromosome Haplogroup Q-M3
The lineage has deep roots in the Hudson River valley extending back at least 1000 years. Based on yDNA we know the D*mond's were members of the Eastern Woodland Algonquian speaking population whose territory extended from the Carolina's north to Newfoundland and westward north of the Great Lakes to Manitoba. They were not of the neighboring Iroquois population.

SNP test results:
M242+, P36+, P36.2+, L232+, L273+, L274+, MEH+, M346+, L53+, L54+, L55+, L892+,
M3+, L341.2
M25-, P106-, P292-, L570-, L571-, P89- P89.1-, L275-, M378-, L272-, L58-, M19-, M194-, M199-, L191-, L663-

The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) M3 is found exclusively in Pre Columbian Amerindian. The M3 mutation is found in a sub group of yDNA haplogroup Q. Haplogroup Q is believed to have arisen in Central Asia approximately 15,000 to 20,000 years ago. This haplogroup has many diverse haplotypes despite its low frequency among most populations outside of the Americas. There also are over a dozen subclades that have been sampled and identified in modern populations.

Y haplogroup Q -Wikipedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup_Q_(Y-DNA)

Dymen within Y haplogroup Q

Ancient Ancestry I
02.07.2011.pdf

Ancient Ancestry II
02.07.2011.pdf

Wapping and Mahican Tribal History
02_03_11.pdf

Reading list
Amerindian Titles of Interest
08.15.2010 4 pages

Published Papers:

High -Resolution SNPs and Microsatellite Haplotypes Point to a Single Resent Entry of Native American Y Chromosomes into the Americas
Mol Biol Evol-2004-Zegura-164-75.pdf

A Molecular Anthropological Perspective on the Peopling of the Americas
naschurr.pdf

Beringian Standstill and Spread of Native American Founders
malhi_2007_1.pdf

Ancient links between Siberians and Native Americans revealed by subtyping the Y chromosome haplogroup Q1a

Tracing the first North American hunters.pdf 2011

Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome Variation Provides Evidence for a Recent Common Ancestry
between Native Americans and Indigenous Altaians

supplemental data

Popular press version of the study above; Mitochondrial DNA and Y Chromosome.......

D*mond Branch Lines

Dutchess and Saratoga Counties New York Province migrated to Fredericksburgh, Ontario

Diamond's Loyalists
John Diamond Sr.
Jacob Diamond Sr.
John Diamond 1760
John Diamond 1759 (Christina Loyst)
Jacob Diamond 1756 (Margaret Loyst)

Dutchess County [Poughkeepsie vicinity], Woodstock, Ulster County New York Province,
and Lockville vicinity [Dymond Hollow] Luzerne/Wyoming Counties Pennsylvania

Descendants of Matthew Dymond 1740 (Ann Mosher)

Son, Isaac Dymond 1791 (Sarah Booth) of Woodstock, NY and NYC

The following sons of Matthew Dymond 1740 migrated to and settled in Luzerne/Wyoming Co. PA between 1800 and 1809.

John Dymond 1768 (Mary Lossing/Lawson) of Dymond Hollow
Henry Dimond 1772 (Catherine Stewart) of Dymond Hollow and Coldwater, MI
Matthew Dymond 1775 (Margaret Sickler) of Dymond Hollow

William Dymond 1790 (Catherine Kisenger) of Woodstock, NY and Monroe Twp, Wyoming Co, PA. Wife Catherine and son William returned to Woodstock after William's passing.

Paternal outline based on Loyalist records and yDNA;

2-John Diamond
         2 or 3?- Matthew Dymond^1740-1839 married to Anne Mosher
         3- Jacob Diamond^1756-1813 married to Margaret Loyst
         3- John Diamond^1759-1845 married to Christina Loyst
2-Jacob Diamond
         3- John² Diamond¹⁷⁶⁰married to Katreen Gordanier

Placement in the outline is based on Loyalist records. The placement of Matthew is a remnant from the Edward Dimond genealogy published in The Settlers of the Beekman Patent, Dutchess County, Historical and Genealogical Study of All the 18th Century Settlers in the Patent. That placement of Matthew could be accurate but there are other equal possibilities. What is certain is that all these men descend from a common father within a generation or two at the most. Y DNA tells us these men were very close first degree relations.

The lineage is first recorded in Dutchess County on the east side of the Hudson River. This was the land of the Wappinger and Esopus extending north to Mahican territory. During the Revolutionary War years D*mond's men are found as far south as Phillipstown and as far north as Saratoga. After the War there was a split into two primary branches. Those that were displaced Tory supporters (Loyalists) that removed to Fredericksburgh, Ontario and those of Matthew Dymond¹⁷⁴⁰ who settled at Woodstock in the southern Catskills Mountains in Ulster County between 1792 and 1800. Seven of Matthew's eight sons and daughters migrated to the Endless Mountains region of northeastern Pennsylvania between 1800 and 1809. This location became known as Dymond Hollow.

Participant Descendant Lineage Charts Branch Patriarch Biographical Sketches updated: 2 February 2012
Early Lineage Based on Loyalist Records and yDNA		[DHR 1-worksheet]		Early Lineage as hypothesized in 'The Settlers of Beekman Patent'
Dymond and Dimond-New York Province and Pennsylvania A Review of Published Genealogies of the Dymond 10.17.2011.pdf Matthew Dymond 1740 m. Anne Mosher Settled in Poughkeepsie vicinity 1790 was in Woodstock by 1800 [01.28.2012.pdf ] Matthew Dymond 1775 m. Margaret Sickler of Dymond Hollow, PA [02.07.2011.pdf]
John Dymond¹⁷⁶⁸ m. Mary Lawson Endless Mountains of Luzerne/Wyoming Co., PA	[DHR 2]	Henry Dimond 1772 m. Catherine Stewart Endless Mountains of Luzerne/Wyoming Co., PA and Coldwater, Branch Co., MI	[DHR 3]	William Dymond 1790 m. Catherine Kisenger Woodstock, Ulster Co., New York and Endless Mountains of Luzerne/Wyoming Co., PA Isaac Dymond¹⁷⁹¹ m. Sarah Booth Woodstock, Ulster Co., New York	[DHR 4]
Diamond Loyalist's-New York Province and Ontario
John Diamond¹⁷⁵⁹ m. Christina Loyst John Diamond¹⁷⁶⁰ m. Katreen Gordinier	*[DHR 5]*

Y Haplotype Signature

A 111 marker yDNA haplotype that we are confident represents the haplotype of our oldest common ancestor is defined. We can not rule out sample bias with 3 or 4 markers but over all it is a solid signature set. Membership in the Q-M3 haplogroup is an added constrain along with haplotype signature of our lineage.

Haplotype Data

Looking at the data below we can see that yDNA testing across branch patriarch descendants has reveled branch defining markers.

Note that there are random mutations away from the modal and ancestral. These are expected in two hundred and fifty years (5 to 7 generations). Many of these have occurred in the most recent generations.

Random mutations become branch line markers when the mutation is then passed to each new generation there after. In each case the mutation was or will be passed to successive sons.

The lineage's Y Chromosome DNA has been remarkably stable for over 300 years.

Mutations

‘Altered DNA’ is another name for mutation. In molecular biology and genetics, mutations are changes in a genomic sequence: the DNA sequence of a cell's genome or the DNA. They can be defined as sudden and spontaneous changes in the cell. Mutations are caused by radiation, viruses, transposons and mutagenic chemicals, as well as errors that occur during meiosis. No one has yet established a connection between any mutagenic agent and the particular kind of mutation we measure replication slippage in STRs [Short Tandem Repeats] which is simply the lack of absolute perfection in counting repeats in the Y chromosome.

The mutations we are measuring occur during the continuous process of sperm creation through replication slippage. At the point in time when sperm reside "in" the father most of the millions of sperm in an ejaculate will be identical for the markers we test, but a extremely small fraction will differ. The occurrence of a mutation in a son is therefore a matter of chance as to which sperm fertilizes the egg.

When we say the mutation occurred "in" the son, that's saying the mutation occurred during the creation of the sperm that fertilized the egg that developed into the son. The next son to be born is a product of the same process, and his haplotype is independent of the prior son or future sons. The father's DNA has not changed. The next ejaculate will be similar, with sperm that are identical for the most part but with a few mutations occurring in a random fashion.

Genetic genealogy

Paternal line genetic genealogy studies the sequences of repeating nucleotide (the base components of DNA) patterns on the Y chromosome known as short tandem repeats (STRs). Each STR is considered a separate marker for potential genetic matching because the number of times it is repeated will be the same for related males.

If a father were to have sons, no matter the number, the odds are extremely high that all will have the same yDNA measurements as their father. Every so often there will be the rare random mutation. This son will have a measurement that is different than his brothers and father. It is possible but remote that another son might also have a mutation though the odds are significantly against this occurring. The odds that two brothers would have the same mutation at the same STR location are even more remote.

We can use this knowledge to study and construct paternal lineage relationships

Process

The first and primary use of Y DNA is to prove or disprove relationship to a specific paternal lineage. This can be taken a step further by assembling lineage descendant haplotype data across as many descendants of a common paternal ancestor as possible. The first step is to first determine the modal lineage haplotype. Modals are determined by comparing measurements marker by marker the greatest tally being the modal.

As sample size increases we begin to see within the charted data random mutations becoming branch defining mutations. Random mutations are today yet to be triangulated branch markers or are future branches. With each mutation sons and direct line male descendants beyond the man will there ever after carry the same mutation. It will become a branch defining marker. Through a carefully thought out process of testing appropriate brothers, cousins, and fathers is possible to triangulate to the individual where the mutation first occurred.

With a broad representation of data across branches we can sometimes deduce the most distant common ancestor’s haplotype, this deduced ancestral haplotype.

Many markers ancestral markers will mirror the modal haplotype and are obvious. Where there are branch markers this is not as cut and dried. Sample bias be a real problem

By working back from the modal or ancestral haplotype we can, given enough data, construct a biological tree of descent. This is especially important when considering pre 1850 tree and branch constructions for accuracy the paucity of documentary evidence obscures or confuses.

What does the data tell us?

Revised 2 February 2012

All Q-M3 study participants are a very high resolution yDNA match.

It is possible, using traditional sourced records to draw descendant tree outlines of each participant to their branch patriarch.

What is not known with any degree of certainty is how the branch patriarchs link to each other and the common patriarch. Construction of the earliest ancestral tree up to this time has been based primarily on Loyalist records and merger Dutchess County records.

As more data is accumulated we can test hypothesized linkages against biologic possibility/probability. In the end it may be possible accurately draw the early tree.

There is one inconsistency observed in the data at this time and the possibility of one or two others that could change the way the early tree has been drawn. We need more direct line cousins to participate.

CDYa
A branch indicator is found with the CDYa measurement of 36 being found in all participants that trace to the men who were members of the Loyalist exodus to Canada in 1783. This is found in those descending from John Diamond 1759 (son of Johannes 1723?) and John Diamond 1760 son of Jacob Sr. [1744?]. These relationships are based on interpretation of Loyalist records.
More participants from the Canadian branches would solidify this possible interpretation and possibly triangulate the origination of the mutation. More data would also possibly go along way to reveling the entire early tree.

439
The Ontario branches descending from John 1759 have a marker measurement of 12 at 439. The lineage ancestral is 13. We know by triangulation that the mutation to 12 occurred in John 1759 and has been passed forward down his line. This is a branch marker for all who descend from John Diamond 1759.

464
464 is notoriously temperamental, relatively fast to mutate, and subject to duplicating copying errors and difficult for the technician to read. For this reason we have done advanced testing on all participants at this location. 464x testing gives us a true measurement at this location by tagging.

In the early years of the study it seemed that the multi copy marker 464 was going to provide branch definition. It has done this but not in the way originally believed. Do to sample bias the modal was 12g,19g, 19g, 20g. We now know after more complete sampling across branches that the ancestral is 12g,19g, 20g, 20g rather than 12g,19g, 19g, 20g.

Descendants of Henry Dimond 1772 all carry 12g,19g, 19g, 20g making this measurement a branch indicator for those descending from Henry. There are two exceptions. Both of these participant descendants of Henry have had palindromic relocation in the past generation on 464 [not shown in data chart].

The same 12g,19g, 19g, 20g mutation has been found in the line of John William Diamond 1908. Whether the mutation occurred with John 1908 or earlier down the path back to Barnabus Diamond 1822 can not be known without triangulating by testing others of this line.
We know by triangulation that the father of Barnabus, William Frederich Diamond 1797 was 12g,19g, 20g, 20g.

Note: Marker 464 may turn out to be a unique marker for some Eastern Woodland Algonquian Amerind in that repeat value measurement combinations of 17, 18, 19, 20 at 464 are not found in any other population.

Crull/Dymond
yDNA testing has found a Crull surnamed individual who shares the same common Dymond lineage paternal ancestor. We can see from the data he is a descendant of Matthew Dymond 1740 rather than Loyalist brothers John Diamond or Jacob Diamond. 464X testing needs to be done.

Moving forward the testing of anyone that descends from Jacob Diamond 1756 (Canadian branch) would be the greatest benefit to the study as well as several more from John Diamond 1760. A close second would be to test more participants from John Diamond 1759 (Canadian branch) and testing untested branches of the Pennsylvania branch descended from Matthew Dymond 1740.

Additionally members or suspected members of all branches are encouraged to test. There can not be too much data.
Testing of marker 710 is under consideration for all participants. 712 found in the 68-111 marker panels also looks promising.

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Q-M3 Lineage Data

				1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12	13	14	15	16	17	18	19	20	21	22	23	24	25	26	27	28	29	30	31	32	33	34	35	36	37	38	39	40	41	42	43	44	45	46	47	47	49	50	51	52	53	54	55	56	57	58	59	60	61	62	63	64	65	66	67	68	69	70	71	72	73	74	75	76	77	78	79	80	81	82	83	84	85	86	87	88	89	90	91	92	93	94	95	96	97	98	99	100	101	102	103	104	105	106	107	108	109	110	111
37, 67, and 111 marker y haplotypes Any male that is related in a direct line from the oldest common ancestor of the lineage will match or nearly match the ancestral haplotype			STR	3 9 3	3 9 0	1 9	3 9 1	3 8 5 a	3 8 5 b	4 2 6	3 8 8	4 3 9	3 8 9 - 1	3 9 2	3 8 9 - 2	4 5 8	4 5 9 a	4 5 9 b	4 5 5	4 5 4	4 4 7	4 3 7	4 4 8	4 4 9	4 6 4 a	4 6 4 b	4 6 4 c	4 6 4 d	4 6 0	G A T A H 4	Y C A II a	Y C A II b	4 5 6	6 0 7	5 7 6	5 7 0	C D Y a	C D Y b	4 4 2	4 3 8	5 3 1	5 7 8	3 9 5 S 1	3 9 5 S 2	5 9 0	5 3 7	6 4 1	4 7 2	4 0 6 S 1	5 1 1	4 2 5	4 1 3 A	4 1 3 B	5 5 7	5 9 4	4 3 6	4 9 0	5 3 4	4 5 0	4 4 4	4 8 1	5 2 0	4 4 6	6 1 7	5 6 8	4 8 7	5 7 2	6 4 0	4 9 2	5 6 5	7 1 0	4 8 5	6 3 2	4 9 5	5 4 0	7 1 4	7 1 6	7 1 7	5 0 5	5 5 6	5 4 9	5 8 9	5 2 2	4 9 4	5 3 3	6 3 6	5 7 5	6 3 8	4 6 2	4 5 2	4 4 5	G A T A A 1 0	4 6 3	4 4 1	G A A T A 1 B 0 7	5 2 5	7 1 2	5 9 3	6 5 0	5 3 2	7 1 5	5 0 4	5 1 3	5 6 1	5 5 2	7 2 6	6 3 5	5 8 7	6 4 3	4 9 7	5 1 0	4 3 4	4 6 1	4 3 5
				.0007	.0031	.0015	.0026	.00226	.00226	.00009	.00022	.0044	.0018	.0005	.0024	.0081	.0013	.0013	.00016	.00016	.0026	.00099	.00135	.00838	.00556	.00556	.00556	.00556	.00402	.00208	.00123	.03531	.00123	.00411	.01022	.0079	.03531	.03531														.0074	.0074			.0017				.0036			.0036						.00015
Documented Ancestor (surety level 5 of 5)		#	SNP
John Diamond 1760	Jacob Diamond, John¹⁷⁶⁰, Robert, Darius Champion, William Syrus, Pvt, Pvt, Pvt	188114	Q-M3	14	23	13	10	15	18	12	12	13	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	20g	20g	10	11	19	23	15	16	18	20	36	38	13	11	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	12	10	12	23	23	18	11	12	12	16	8	12	25	21	13	12	11	13	11	11	12	12	34	14	9	16	11	27	26	19	12	12	13	13	11	9	12	11	10	11	12	30	12	12	24	14	11	9	25	15	18	13	22	15	13	15	25	12	22	22	10	14	17	9	11	11
John Diamond 1759	John Diamond, John¹⁷⁵⁹, Abraham, John Wesley, Edwin Mallory, John Wesley, Pvt	211171	Q-M3	14	23	13	10	15	18	12	12	12	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	20g	20g	10	11	19	22	15	16	18	20	36	38	13	11
	John Diamond, John¹⁷⁵⁹ , William Frederich, Barnabus, Irvine M. , John W., Pvt	40350	Q-M3+	14	23	13	10	15	18	12	12	12	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	19g	20g	10	11	19	23	15	16	18	20	36	38	13	11	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	12	10	12	23	23	18	11	12	12	16	8	12	25	21	13	12	11	13	11	11	12	12	34	14	9	16	11	27	26	19	12	12	13	13	11	9	12	11	10	11	12	30	12	12	24	14	11	9	25	15	18	13	22	15	12	15	25	12	22	22	10	14	17	9	11	11
	John Diamond, John¹⁷⁵⁹, William Frederich, Barnabus, Irvine M., John W., Pvt	195121	Q-M3	14	23	13	10	15	18	12	12	12	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	19g	20g	10	11	19	23	15	16	18	20	36	38	13	11
	John Diamond, John¹⁷⁵⁹, William Frederich, Irvine, Herbert C. , Herbert, Pvt, Pvt	180080	Q-M3	14	23	13	10	15	18	12	12	12	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	20g	20g	10	11	19	23	15	16	18	20	36	38	13	11	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	12	10	12	23	23	18	11	12	12	16	8	12	25	21	13	12	11	13	11	11	12	12
	John Diamond, John¹⁷⁵⁹, William Frederich, Irvine, Herbert C., Herbert, Pvt, Pvt	178021	Q-M3	14	23	13	10	15	18	12	12	12	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	20g	20g	10	11	19	23	15	16	18	20	36	38	13	11
Henry Dimond 1772	John Diamond, Matthew Dymond¹⁷⁴⁰, Henry¹⁷⁷², John David,Chauncy E., Floyd, Pvt, Pvt	12503	Q-M3+	14	23	13	10	15	19	12	12	13	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	19g	19g	10	11	19	23	15	16	18	20	38	38	13	11	11	8	16	16	8	11	10	8	12	10	12	23	23	18	11	12	12	16	8	12	25	21	13	12	11	13	11	11	12	12
	John Diamond, Matthew Dymond¹⁷⁴⁰, Henry¹⁷⁷², John David, Chauncy E., Pvt, Pvt	107968	Q-M3	14	23	13	10	15	18	12	12	13	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	19g	20g	10	11	19	23	15	16	18	20	37	38	13	11
	John Diamond, Matthew Dymond¹⁷⁴⁰, Henry¹⁷⁷², John David, Chauncy E. , Floyd, Pvt, Pvt	105168	Q-M3	14	23	13	10	15	18	12	12	13	14	14	31	14	9	9	11	10	26	14	21	31	12g	19g	19g	20g	10	11	19	23	15	16	18	20	37	38	13