Introduction and Summary
 		 D*mond in Colonial
 North America		 yDNA   
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           yDNA    All you need to know


The Y-chromosome is what makes babies male. It is passed, intact, from father to son for about 500 generations.
This means that I have exactly the same Y-chromosome as my father and his father and his fathers father back in time.

I have exactly the same y-chromosome as Matthew Dymond born 1740 Dutchess County, New York Province. Every male Dymond descendant of Matthew has, therefore, the same y-chromosome as Matthew Dymond, and thus the same y-chromosome as me.

This applies to any male past or present that is a member of this Dymond lineage. We can use the y-chromosome to prove that we are related.
 The Y-chromosome follows the same path as our surname. Females do not carry yDNA.

  


Two DNA measurements of the y chromosome are useful in genetic genealogy:

Haplogroup
A genetic population group associated with early human migrations and which can today be associated with a geographic region.

 They are defined by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP):  a change in your DNA sequence at a locus, a specific location.

Haplogroup is deep or root ancestry

Haplotype
A series of numbers that make a set of allele (STR) marker locations/loci on the y chromosome.
Marker measurement of the length of DNA with repeating sequence of chemical bases.
The set defines the yDNA signature of the lineage.

 Two individuals that match exactly on all markers have the same haplotype.
With enough participants an Ancestral haplotype can be inferred.
Any male that is related in a direct line from the oldest common ancestor of the lineage will match or nearly match the ancestral haplotype.

  
 
      

Written documents can record exact relationships but they can be misleading and contain erroneous information as we have learned from a closer look at the published genealogies.

There are limitations as to what yDNA can tell us. It can tell us that two people are related but not the exact relationship. However with enough carefully selected participants a tree can be constructed that conforms to scientific probability.

The difference between recorded documents and yDNA is that yDNA cannot be destroyed or changed. It is never wrong.

Genetic genealogy  studies the sequences of repeating nucleotide (the base components of DNA) patterns on the Y chromosome known as short tandem repeats (STRs). Each STR is considered a separate marker for potential genetic matching because the number of times it is repeated will be the same for related males.

The true nature of relationship in the earliest generations of the Hudson's River Lineages and their branches are obscured by the paucity of documents pre 1800.
Only a handful of documents have been located that link a few key individuals.

The immediate benefit using the tool of yDNA technology along with traditional documentation has led to more accurate lineage constructions.